Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 43

Case study - Essay Example Companies that opt for such media for adverts may be affected (Hanlon, 2015). The advancement in the use of internet has led to the existence of pricing options of products from companies. The use of online platform through internet provision is gradually and rapidly transforming economic aspects of operations of companies. HMV should apply both the physical stores and online platform to maximize it sales in the entertainment industry whose economy has been steadily rising (Hanlon, 2015). The HMV management should have a comprehension of the socially accepted practices within the various cultures that are available online in attempting to market their products. This includes appreciating the dynamics and differences and beliefs of societies within its online market since obtaining this is easier than before. It has the potential of not only creating opportunities but also opening new markets for the company (Hanlon, 2015). The company has a technological leverage in their internet site for retail which makes them competitive with other players/industries in the market. Its online store will likely be versatile as it will enable integration of window media player, iTunes, et cetera. In addition, infiltrating into the digital market is an innovative way of growing with the demand of the consumers. HMV anticipates enhancing their competitive leverage by diversifying experiences in the entertainment over the contemporary rivals. The group of HMV has a joint venture with companies such as Curzon Artificial Eye for the purpose of bring the experience of cinema to the retail outlets of the company (HMV, 2015). The production of DVDs and CDs should entail the use of materials that are both non-biodegradable and non-renewable. The recycling process has proved to be not only complex and costly but also inefficient. Moreover, CDs and DVDs with high storage

PROQUEST information for preparing the project Assignment

PROQUEST information for preparing the project - Assignment Example This gives them the opportunity to seek professional assistance (Arnold, 2012). Financial analysts as well investment analysts would then come in to review the operations of the company and the value system in place that either propels the company to higher levels or that which makes the investment get loses. In this process, one needs review past investments together with the new. The past investment review would give ideas and thoughts how the current investment can be improved. Also critical is that past investments can be helpful in forming the basis of policy formulation in a given investment. Past reflections are very important as it provides a platform where adjustments can be made as well as having a vibrant investment that is viable (Boehlje & Ehmke, 2012). Decisions made in the past can help in changing the future of an investment taking into consideration that past decisions can be useful in giving some advices. This makes an investment more vibrant. In any investment anal ysis, one should be able to look at the prevailing price at that particular time as well as well as having reasons for having an investment at that particular time. These then help in knowing whether the investment is having the best start or a false start. An analysis helps in reviewing the current investment as well as giving predictions based on future trends that could impact on the company. In having an investment that is viable, a lot of things need to be put into consideration. The most critical part in this exercise is continuous review of the data. From the data one is able to analyze and evaluate the data appropriately. An investment should be able to meet the expected financial goals set for it in terms of return on investments. Profits and risks are the main focus in an investment analysis. This is the most important aspect of an investment. Any analyst must look at the return on investments as well as the risks that are involved (Dong, 2008). These are important measure ments in a given investment portfolio. Risk analysis is very important in any analysis. In the event the risk is very high, then a loss is very likely. When the risks are very high such that it becomes likely that a loss is eminent, the investment becomes less worth. Resale value and cash flows do not have any significance when the risk is too high because the investment has zero prominence. It should then be noted risk is however not definite in giving a financial analysis. When giving an analysis, a lot more factors need to be looked into for the sake of an all round investment analysis. Cash flow is another single factor that needs to be considered in an investment analysis. One of the ways through which can occur is through the dividends traded on by the public. When the public trade on the dividends, then a lot of cash can be generated for the company. Based on this, analysis can be made based on the amount that has been received through the dividends in relation to the project s (Arnold, 2012). Another way through which cash can flow into an investment is through the interest. This comes from the payments from the bonds. This is on a sure way of having cash flow into the investment. An investor would be very interested to know what about the investment is generating into the system. Through this they are able to determine and evaluate if the returns are of any value to the business and if it meets the expectation of the risk of the investment. An analysis of cash flow can be done through the future

Superstitions in Countries Essay Example for Free

Superstitions in Countries Essay A superstition is a belief in something that is irrational, non-physical and does not follow the rules of science. It is often one action that leads to another without something directly linking the two. Superstition is often associated with luck. Different superstitions often came from beliefs, religions and cultures had in the past and long have been proven wrong. It is a mystery why people dont pay attention to facts and still believe in superstitions. In Serbia Its a good idea to spill some water behind a person whos going to a job interview, headed out on a journey, or about to attempt any sort of endeavor at all. The movement of waters said to symbolize fluidity and motion; just dont spill it on their pants, as that probably wont have the same effect on the interview. In Spain Instead of kissing someone when the clock strikes 12 on New Years Eve, you should eat 12 grapes in rapid succession. Not only does this ensure the coming yearll be a lucky one, it also gives you delicious grape breath (in case you decide to kiss someone after all). In Russia Carrying an empty bucket, or even seeing someone carry one, is a bad omen. This is likely due to the fact that Tsar Alexander II was assassinated by a man with empty buckets for hands. True story. In Turkey Its a commonly held local belief that chewing gum at night is akin to chowing down on the flesh of a dead person. A minty-fresh dead person. In Japan Stabbing chopsticks straight up into your bowl of ricell cause the whole  dinner table to murmur in disapproval, as this is generally only done during funeral ceremonies. Passing food from chopstick to chopstick is a no-no for much the same reason: at funerals, family members pass the bones of the dead person with chopsticks. In South Korea Going to sleep with a fan on in an enclosed space can straight up kill you. This unfounded belief is so prevalent that electric fans are often sold with timers, to prevent accidental death due to suffocation, somehow? In India A solar eclipse pretty much means everybodys staying indoors for the duration. Just about everythings put in hibernation mode from road traffic to the stock market due to the widespread belief the suns rays are toxic during the celestial event. Some also believe that burying a sick child up to their neck during an eclipse can cure them of their ailment because science. In Afghanistan The number 39 is linked (inexplicably) to prostitution, and anyone whose phone number or license plate ends with 39 is a social pariah. People whore 39 years old often say theyre one less than 40 just to avoid the embarrassment.

Major Depressive Disorder Case Study

Major Depressive Disorder Case Study Case Study Idalhà ­ Barnes Jessica J. Ruiz Case Study Barbara Torres is a 36 year-old Hispanic married women and the mother of male twins of seven years old. She lives in Kalamazoo, in the state of Michigan. She has a very challenging, high stress occupation as a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in Stryker, a multi-billion manufacture corporation that develop medical devices and medical equipment. Ms. Torres has always been a hard worker and high achiever. She graduated from Harvard University with top honors in both college and graduate school. She has very high principles for herself and can be very self-critical when she fails to meet a goal. Barbara Torres arrives to the Pan-American Mental Health Center seeking for psychological services for possible symptoms of depression. Before the intake interview began, the psychologist introduced herself to Ms. Torres, explained the mission, values and services provided in the mental health center, the purpose, form and time of the interview, the information that it will be gathered, and the basis for a good working client/therapeutic relationship, among others. The client complete and signed the consent for treatment form, authorization to contact form, release of information, and other necessary or relevant paperwork. Once the documents were signed, it was proceeded to explain confidentiality and its limits. Presenting Problem During the initial interview, the client was inquired about information about the present problem, the symptomatology, when did it start, how often does it occur, how long does the symptom last, how it affected her everyday life, any incidents that precipitated the symptomatology, and if this mood episodes occurred previously. The client chief complaint was symptoms of depression and excessive distress that started about three months ago with daily depressed moods, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, difficulty in sleeping, decreased of energy, weight loss and lack of concentration because of worry. Then the symptoms just get worse. There was no incident or psychosocial stressor that could precipitated the symptomatology. Ms. Torres was asked what motivated her to look for help at this point, and she explained that after much deliberation with her family, friends, primary medical doctor and pastoral counseling, she decided to look for help, because the symptoms she was and still experiencing, are deteriorating the relationship with her husband and kids, with her ability to accomplish her work, and were interfering with her daily functioning. The client explained that in her job she has struggled with significant emotions of worthlessness, embarrassment and guilt due to her inability to perform as well as she always has in the past. The client described that she’s having a lot of stress and preoccupation that she cannot handle the situation or that something awful may happen (like lose her job or family). Her colleagues have noticed that she is often short-tempered and reserved, which is quite dissimilar from her normally cheerful and friendly character. She has called in sick on numerous times, which is absolutely unlike her. Those days she stays in home ruminating about the present problems, viewing TV or sleeping. This behavior has occurred four times in a month. In her home, Barbara’s spouse has observed changes as well. She’s presented little interest in sex, had diminished interest in almost all activities with him and the kids, had drop twenty pounds in three months and had difficulty in sleeping (3-4 hours’ sleep per night and does not feel rested upon waking). Her sleeplessness has been keeping him awake, as she tosses and turns for a couple of hours or two after they go to bed. He’s heard her having recurrent crying phone conversations with her closest friend, which have him worried. When he attempted to talk to her to open up about what’s disturbing her, she pushes him away with an immediate â€Å"the whole thing is fine†. The relationship with her parents and sisters also has been impaired because she lacks of motivation to visit them or talk to them frequently as she used to do. Even though she hasn’t ever deliberated or think about suicide because of her faith and Catholic religion, Barbara has found herself increasingly unsatisfied with her life. Ms. Torres gets frustrated because she knows she has all the reasons to be happy, but yet can’t enjoy all her success. The client expressed to be overwhelmed and with much stress for not knowing what is happening to her; also reported performed excessive rumination about the problems that this symptoms has caused in her job and family. According to Nolen, Wisco, and Lyubomirsky (2008), rumination is the method of thinking constantly about one’s emotional state and difficulties. Studies has shown that rumination have an exclusive association to depression symptoms and its negative cognitive features. Ms. Torres was asked how intense where her symptoms in a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means low intensity and 10 means high intensity, and she described that her symptoms were positioned between 6 and 7. In the same manner, she was asked how that symptoms’ intensity impaired her daily life activities, and she reported that the symptoms impair her daily functioning between a 7 or 8, stating that she couldn’t performed any activity as she used to. Ms. Torres was asked if she experienced these symptoms in the past and she stated that she experienced two of the present symptoms (lack of energy and decreased weight) in her adolescence when she broke up with her first boyfriend at the age of seventeen. The symptoms last three weeks. Mental Health Status The client arrived to the Pan-American Mental Health Center in a clean state, properly dressed, and seemed according to her chronological age. Her physical appearance seems to be thin or underweight. Ms. Torres was attentive and well oriented on the three spheres (time, place, and person). Ms. Torres maintained eye contact, her voice tone was normal and her body movements and general attitude were according to what she expressed. The client expressed to be overwhelmed and with much stress for not knowing what was happening to her. She voluntarily provided information about herself, the present problem and symptomatology, medical, psychiatric and family history, among others. Throughout the interview the client understood everything that was explained, proved to be rational and seemed to have good understanding of her psychological difficulties. Developmental History Ms. Torres stated that her childhood was remarkable. She grew up in a small town in Michigan with her parents and two older sisters. Her father was a manager in a retail store for 45 years and her mother was a Tennis trainer in a school for 25 years, and both were very caring and attentive with the kids. The parents have 55 years of matrimony. The family relationship was described as positive and the client explained that throughout her life she has a very good relationship and communication with both sisters and both parents. She considered her family very close and united; they spend almost every Christmas together. She and her sisters were raised in the Catholic religion, and stated that ever since have a very strong faith. In her childhood, Barbara enjoyed participate in all kind of sports, but mostly she excelled in Tennis. In school, Barbara developed very good relationship with peers, always had excellent grades, and the teachers described her as an outstanding student and an innate leader. In her adolescence and adulthood she reported that she never used drugs or has any problem with the law. She also stated that there was no substance abuse history in her family. Medical and Psychiatric History Ms. Torres reported that she’s never been diagnosed of any medical or mental disorder. Since she was young, her parents took the children regularly to visit the primary doctor. One of her sisters was diagnosed with asthma. A well-known family history of medical illnesses including diabetes, hypertension, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and hypothyroidism was refused. Before looking for psychological services, Ms. Torres visited her primary doctor one month ago to see if everything was good with her health. Her doctor sends her to take several routine physical exams and tests (complete blood count, chest x ray, urinalysis, cancer screening test, mammogram, pap smear, pregnancy test, sexually transmitted diseases, stress test, among others) to discard any health conditions or concerns that could be producing her symptoms. The test showed that Barbara’s health was in good condition. Her doctor advised to use vitamins supplements to prevent malnutrition and referred her to visit the psychologist for possible symptoms of depression. She was asked if a member of her family was diagnose with depression and she stated that her mother-side of the family has history with this disorder. Her mother, grandmother and aunt where diagnose with major depression. When she was an adolescent her mother received psychotherapy with a psychologist for five years, but never used psychotropic medication. In the paternal side of the family there were no history of mental and psychiatric disorders. She denied the use of medication with the exception of birth control pills taken at the age of nineteen until she was twenty five years old. Barbara denied any psychiatric hospitalizations, past or present ideation, plan, or intent for suicide or homicide. She also denied any hallucinations or delusions. This is the first time seeking treatment from a psychologist, but she described participated in pastoral counseling. DSM 5 Diagnosis 296.22 / 296.23 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate- Severe with Anxious Distress Depression is a medical illness or mood situation in which people face depressed feelings and have a decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities that usually enjoy (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Nunstead, Skarsater, and Kylen (2012), in modern society there is an increasingly serious problem of major depression in all social groups. They emphasize about the importance of individual’s capacity and how the individual’s own comprehension of the disorder and symptomatology help them to manage and cope with factors associated with the disorder. The criteria for Major Depressive Disorder designated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (5th ed., DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), described the main indications of Major Depression as the manifestation of a minimum five of the following symptoms: depressed feelings or mood, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, decrease or gain of weight or appetite, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, decrease of energy, feelings of worthlessness, lack of concentration and recurrent thoughts of suicide or death. Diagnosis Impression At the present time, Ms. Torres meets criteria for the DSM 5 diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate-Severe with Anxious Distress due to the presence of the following symptoms: daily depressed moods, decrease of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, difficulty in sleeping, feelings of worthlessness, decreased of energy, weight loss and lack of concentration for the last three months. Ms. Torres rejected experienced in the past of similar psychiatric symptoms, making this episode a single one. The level of impairment Barbara is experiencing in her occupational, social, and other important areas is moderate to severe. There is confirmation of anxious distress by symptoms of excessive distress, worry or tension, incapable to rest as a consequence of anxiety, lack of concentration because of concern, anxiety that something terrible might occur and feelings that she will miss control. Differential Diagnosis Ms. Torres’s complaints do not include symptoms of persistent elevated mood, increases in goal-directed behavior, or symptoms in criteria B, lasting one week (Bipolar I – Manic Disorder) or four days (Bipolar II – Hypomanic Disorder). Consequently, any diagnosis related with either one of the above-mentioned episodes was immediately excluded. Mood Disorder Due to another Medical Condition was ruled out, because there was no family history of medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, strokes, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism and all the medical exams performed recently by her primary doctor showed no recent acquire condition. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive or Bipolar Disorder was disqualified since there was a negative history of substance and medication use at time of onset of symptoms. The client reported absence of impulsivity in her family, her childhood and adolescence, and the symptoms of lack of concentration started three months ago, as a result, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder was ruled out. Because the onset of symptoms was approximately three months ago and there was no psychosocial stressor that precipitated the symptomatology, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) and Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood were ruled out. Sadness excluded because Ms. Torres meets the criteria of severity (five or additional symptoms), duration (for the most part the day, nearly every day for a minimum of two weeks), and clinically noteworthy impairment in functioning, needed to be diagnose as a client with Major Depressive Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Etiology During the interview, Ms. Torres reported a maternal family history of major depression (mother, grandmother and aunt) and explained that her mother received psychotherapy for five years, but never used psychotropic medication. There were no history of mental and psychiatric disorders in the paternal side of the family. Several family studies have discovered that the genetic relatives of clients with mood conditions are more likely to acquire mood disorders than are individuals in the general population. In the present, doctors and scientist still don’t know what are the exactly causes of depression. Roetker et al. (2013) indicated that the etiology of depression is complicated and heterogeneous although many factors (biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, among others) can contribute to the arrival of depressive symptoms. According to Tamatam, Khanum, Bawa (2012) genetic factors have been connected in the etiology of depression and numerous investigations and studies have determined that fluctuations in protein structure are associate with a predisposition to specific conditions. In the other hand, many other studies had found no correlation between genetic factors and depressive symptoms, and concluded that the environment and social factors were more predictive of depressive symptoms (Roetker et al., 2013). Monroe, Slavich, and Gotlib (2014) indicated that three of the most dependably informed and influential predictors of depression are a current major life experience, a family history for depression, and an individual history of previous depressive occurrences. In the case of Ms. Torres, the combination of daily activity stressors and family history of depression may possibly triggered the outcome of an episode of major depression. Treatment Recommendations Psychotherapy and medication is the treatment of choice for mood disorders. Based on a study performed by Casacalenda, Perry, and Looper (2002) the best treatment for depression is the combination of antidepressant medication and psychotherapy (principally cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy). Ms. Torres will be referred to a psychiatrist to start the pharmacological intervention and treat symptoms of low mood and insomnia, among other symptoms. Medication will help in the stabilization of the chemicals in the brain to the right levels, relieving the depressive symptoms. Along the interview, the client expressed to be constantly overwhelmed, preoccupied and anxious; likewise she reported perform excessive rumination about the problems and having feelings of worthlessness and guilt. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy will help Ms. Torres to people change negative thinking and behavior patterns. Also, will help the client to comprehend the issues that may be behind her thoughts and feelings, be aware of depressive symptoms and how to identify things or events that could make the depression worse. In combination with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, the implementation of Interpersonal Therapy will allow the client to improve social adjustment and return to her social, occupational and family activities. Treatments of medication and psychotherapy, will help Ms. Torres to cope with social circumstances and other factors that may trigger further episodes of depression (Casacalenda, Perry, and Looper, 2002). References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Casacalenda, N., Perry, C. J., Looper, K. (2002). Remission in Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparison of Pharmacotherapy, Psychotherapy, and Control Conditions. Am J Psychiatry, 159, 1354-1360. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1354 Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., Gotlib, I. H. (2014). Life Stress and Family History for Depression: The Moderating Role ofPast Depressive Episodes. Journal of Psychiatric Research,49,90-95. Nolen, S., Wisco, B. E., Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking Rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424. Nunstead, H., K.,Skarsater,. Kylen, S. (2012). Experiences of Major Depression: Individuals Perspectives on the Ability to Understand and Handle the Illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(5), 272-279. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2011.653038 Roetker, N. S., Page, D., Yonker, J. A., Chang, V., Roan, C. L., Herd, P., †¦ Atwood, C. S. (2013). Assessment of Genetic and Nongenetic Interactions for the Prediction of Depressive Symptomatology: An Analysis of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study using Machine Learning Algorithms. American Journal of Public Health, 103(1), 136-144. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301141 Tamatam, A., Khanum, F., Bawa, A. (2012). Genetic biomarkers of depression.Indian Journal of Human Genetics,18(1), 20-33. doi:10.4103/0971-6866.96639

Marilyn Hacker Redefines Mother, Woman, and Daughter in Selected Poems

Marilyn Hacker Redefines Mother, Woman, and Daughter in Selected Poems 1965-1990 Marilyn Hacker. What does she mean? What does she mean? I check with Thrall, Hibbard, and Holman who define poetry to be "a term applied to the many forms in which man has given a rhythmic expression to his most imaginative and intense perceptions of his world, himself, and the interrelationship of the two" (364). I forge ahead through hundreds of pages of poetry. Images and impressions are beginning to form in my mind. Finally, Hacker, you provide a clue with "Feeling and Form" where you compare your poetry to Cezanne's apples: I do like words, which is why I make things out of words and listen to their hints, resounding like skipping stones radiating circles, draw- ing context from text, the way I've watched you draw a pepper shaker on a table, draw it again, once more, until it isn't like anything but your idea of a draw- ing, like an idea of movement, draw- ing its shape from sequence. (85-86) The course syllabus indicates that "this course investigates 'mother' as a cul...

Gays in 9-11 Essay -- Gay Rights Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Gays in 9-11 The events of September 11, 2001 have left many people all over the world speechless to say the least. What happened that day at New York City’s World Trade Centers and Washington D.C.’s Pentagon have left many people without their loved ones, their jobs, or any sense of reason. Husbands lost wives, wives lost husbands, children lost parents, parents lost children, and partners lost their other halves. Friendships and families were destroyed. It is at our time of weakness that we are able to be our strongest. For it is at that time when there is nothing else to do, and no where else to go; when you’ve hit rock bottom there is no where to go but up. No one asked questions, people just did whatever they could to help. America’s public safety organizations didn’t hesitate for a second; they risked their own lives to help save the lives of others, people they didn’t even know. The only thing that our public safety teams knew was that all the innocent people that were attacked were fellow Americans. Perhaps that was all the information they needed, but day after day teams were back at Ground Zero and the Pentagon relentlessly looking for survivors and doing whatever they could to quickly get our lives back on track and gain some sort of closure. However, now it is time to start asking the questions no one ever wants to. â€Å"United we stand.† Direct from the media on a one way path into your homes these words and other such phrases have been tossed around and thrown in your face. Stop, and think. What is the real meaning of these inspirational and nationalistic phrases? Inspirational and nationalistic for whom? United is an adjective that means â€Å"combined into a single entity; concerned with, produced... ...size their differences or similarity from the heterosexual norm? If lesbians and gay men are increasingly integrated into society as full citizens, what will happen to other more marginalized groups, such as poor women on welfare? Does equality for some necessarily lead to equality for all† (Stein 225)? Arlene Stein is trying to articulate similar questions to those posed in the previous paragraph. What will happen to the immigrants who have been oppressed in the past, will they fall through the cracks while gays and lesbians gain acceptance? Or will they too be accepted? I assure you, the questions don’t stop here. My paper raises the question of acceptance, but is that all we really want? Do we just want acceptance across the board, or will all of us, gay and non gay, participate in the queerer project of inventing more just worlds and communities?

Labour education crisis Essay

The man who promised us, ‘Education, education, education,’ as the main priority of his government has failed again. Blair along with forever changing line up of education secretaries has again been branded a hazard to our children. The new crisis in hand for our Labour government evolves our youngsters within Primary education. The recent report has revealed that the number of children who can read and write properly has fallen in the last three years, as almost 250,000 seven year olds are not hitting required standards, for the second year running. In English only 75% have reached the required standards, leaving government hopes of 85% English pass rate for 11 year olds by 2002 in tatters. The report has shown three tenths of Primary school children are behind in reading from as young as seven. Four tenths our poor at writing, leading to one quarter of eleven year olds being classed as semi-literate! Chief school inspector Mr David bell has described the situation as disastrous and has said, ‘I don’t think we could possibly be happy with what primary schools are achieving. ‘ These chilling figures reported by Ofsted are causing concern amongst parents throughout the country. Although Mr Bell is claiming the route of this problem is due to the teachers and Heads of the schools. As it has been suggested that one in ten of our head teachers are ‘weak’, that’s a figure just over 2,000 that are simply not up to the job. If the leaders of the schools are ‘weak’ what hope does it hold for our teachers? Although Heads are saying they are being used a scapegoats Mr Bell insists that they are to blame, ‘They lack knowledge and skill. ‘ This standard is simply not adequate as the government has admitted. This has left other parties, including the Liberals suggesting an education reform and the Tories claming the situation has reached crisis level. Although PM Tony Blair has barely mentioned the report, and went ahead with a speech on education standards. This new crisis has fallen into the hands of Estelle Morris’ successor Charles Clarke. The Education Secretary has been told by Ofsted the targets set for 2004 will not be achievable. This will make his job even harder as situations are just being passed on with each new education secretary. Along with Primary education being seen as a shambles Ms Morris has left the problems of AS and A level system with Mr Clarke. After last years mark fixing fiasco new guide lines need to be set to stop this embarrassing situation recurring. That saw up to 4,194 candidates having their A-level grades increased in 2002. As well as the A-level marking situation causing problems it now seems that AS and A-level lecturers are unhappy with the system. They are calling for a return to a system such as the old one qualification of the A-level over two years. Suggesting that it’s simply too much for students. These measures come just two years after curriculum 2000 was introduced, bringing in the AS and A2 exams. Although now former chief inspector of England schools, Mr Tomlinson, has been asked to make a report suggesting ways of maintaining the A-levels standards and credibility. Universities are unhappy with a possible move to re-secure the A-level as they feel by keeping the name it will cause confusion. The A-level was first introduced in 1951 and has changed dramatically. This in turn effects what people feel constitutes as an A-level in standards they require, which worries the Universities. Who have also been affected by Labours education crisis due to the clearance procedure after the mess-up with A-level marking. The last thing on the agenda for Labour in terms of education is the staffing shortage in Primary and Senior schools. At the start of the academic year many school remained closed due to staffing shortages. And it appears this situation to is getting worse. As a survey for the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teacher suggested that nearly 63% of teachers have considered leaving their jobs within the past 5 years. And in another survey for the National Opinion Poll of 1,007 NASUWT members discovered that 30% felt that no political party had the right education policies. In conclusion it seams that all areas of or education system our in danger and have been effected, all that is left to say is good luck Charles Clarke, who now has the mammoth task of getting things on track. A job that both David Blunkett and Estelle Morris have failed to achieve.